Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (Hib)

About Hib disease

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a bacterial infection that can cause serious illnesses, including meningitis, bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and severe throat infections. These illnesses can lead to permanent disability, such as hearing loss or developmental delays, and can sometimes be fatal. Hib spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing.

 

Before routine immunization, Hib was a leading cause of serious illness in young children in Canada. Vaccination has made Hib disease rare.

 

Serious complications of Hib infection include:

  • Meningitis 
  • Bloodstream infections 
  • Pneumonia 
  • Severe throat infections that can block breathing 

 

Young children are at the highest risk of severe disease.

Resources

  • The Hib vaccine protects against infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria. It helps the immune system develop protection against the disease.

    The Hib vaccine may be given:

    • As part of combination vaccines in the routine infant schedule, or
    • On its own for people aged 5 years and older with certain medical conditions.

  • The Hib vaccine is recommended for:

    • Infants and children aged 2–59 months as part of the routine immunization schedule 
    • Children and adults with certain medical conditions that increase the risk of serious Hib disease, including: 
      • Absence of a spleen or a non-functioning spleen 
      • Stem cell or solid organ transplant 
      • Cochlear implant 
      • Weakened immune system 
      • Sickle cell disease

  • Infants and Children

    • Hib vaccine is given as a series of 4 doses, starting at 2 months of age.

    People at higher risk

    • Additional doses may be recommended for some children and adults with certain medical conditions.

  • Routine immunization has greatly reduced the incidence of Hib disease in Canada. This vaccine is;

    • Safe and highly effective 
    • Prevents serious bacterial infections 
    • Protects young children and high-risk groups 
    • Helps protect the wider community 
    • Free for eligible people in Yukon 

  • Common side effects may include:

    • Redness, swelling, or soreness at injection site 
    • Mild fever 
    • Tiredness 
    • These reactions are mild and usually last 1–2 days.

    To manage potential side effects:

    • Apply a cool, damp cloth 
    • Use acetaminophen if needed 
    • Seek medical advice if symptoms are severe or last longer than 48 hours

    It's important to stay at the clinic for 15 minutes after getting the vaccine because, although it's very rare, some people might have a severe allergic reaction. The clinic can treat it right away. This happens to less than 1 in a million people. If you have a reaction after  leaving, call 911 or your local emergency number.

Find out how to get immunized